{"id":1779,"date":"2024-06-25T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-25T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/?p=1779"},"modified":"2024-06-24T23:31:45","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T02:31:45","slug":"cuidado-nutricional-sarcopenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/2024\/06\/25\/cuidado-nutricional-sarcopenia\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuidado Nutricional: Sarcopenia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sarcopenia \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o caracterizada pela <strong>perda progressiva de massa e fun\u00e7\u00e3o muscular<\/strong> (1). Atinge a maioria dos idosos, mas pode acontecer mais cedo na vida, principalmente nas mulheres, durante ou ap\u00f3s o per\u00edodo da menopausa (2).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O tema ganhou muita relev\u00e2ncia na pr\u00e1tica cl\u00ednica, principalmente pelo <strong>aumento do risco<\/strong> para outras complica\u00e7\u00f5es e o impacto que gera na qualidade de vida. Em 2016, a sarcopenia foi reconhecida na Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional de Doen\u00e7as (CID) (4).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A preval\u00eancia da sarcopenia varia entre os estudos realizados, a <strong>depender<\/strong> do m\u00e9todo ou ponto de corte que foram considerados. No entanto, a m\u00e9dia \u00e9 de 10 a 16% entre os idosos (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fatores de risco<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Estilo de vida: obesidade e gordura visceral, inatividade f\u00edsica, desnutri\u00e7\u00e3o, tabagismo e sono desregulado;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Condi\u00e7\u00f5es preexistentes: diabetes, osteoporose, depress\u00e3o, anorexia, doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares ou respirat\u00f3rias, Doen\u00e7a de Parkinson e outras condi\u00e7\u00f5es neurodegenerativas;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Biol\u00f3gicos: marcadores inflamat\u00f3rios, n\u00edveis de colesterol, vitamina D, adiponectina e a microbiota intestinal (1).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Consequ\u00eancias\/aumento do risco:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pacientes: maior tempo de interna\u00e7\u00e3o, complica\u00e7\u00f5es e infec\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00f3s-operat\u00f3rias, mortalidade no curto ou longo prazo;&nbsp;<\/li><li>N\u00e3o pacientes: hospitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, institucionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, disfagia, depress\u00e3o, hipertens\u00e3o, fibrose hep\u00e1tica, doen\u00e7a hep\u00e1tica gordurosa n\u00e3o alco\u00f3lica, s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lica, diabetes, decl\u00ednio das fun\u00e7\u00f5es motoras e cognitivas, maior risco de osteoporose, queda e fratura (1).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"646\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-8.12.05-PM-1024x646.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1784\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-8.12.05-PM-1024x646.png 1024w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-8.12.05-PM-300x189.png 300w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-8.12.05-PM-768x484.png 768w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-8.12.05-PM.png 1411w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Qual o papel da nutri\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e1 poucos estudos que tra\u00e7aram um perfil longitudinal do consumo alimentar em indiv\u00edduos que desenvolveram sarcopenia. A <strong>maioria<\/strong> dos achados s\u00e3o revis\u00f5es sistem\u00e1ticas, estudos observacionais ou interven\u00e7\u00f5es, que buscaram avaliar quais fatores minimizam ou previnem as consequ\u00eancias\/riscos da sarcopenia (3).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O \u201cp\u00fablico-alvo\u201d nos estudos que aplicam mudan\u00e7as alimentares para promover melhor manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e fun\u00e7\u00e3o da massa muscular s\u00e3o pessoas com menos de 70 anos, justamente visando a <strong>preven\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> (3).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar impactam diretamente na regula\u00e7\u00e3o da s\u00edntese e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o muscular. Al\u00e9m disso, existem <strong>nutrientes<\/strong> que precisam ser consumidos para a sa\u00fade muscular e \u00f3ssea. Por isso, uma dieta nutricionalmente adequada \u00e9 <strong>essencial<\/strong>, principalmente para a preven\u00e7\u00e3o da sarcopenia (4).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"872\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-9.47.37-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1786\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-9.47.37-PM.png 837w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-9.47.37-PM-288x300.png 288w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screen-Shot-2024-06-24-at-9.47.37-PM-768x800.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclus\u00f5es&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Prote\u00edna<\/strong>: consumir fontes alimentares com amino\u00e1cidos essenciais, ricas principalmente em leucina (2,5 &#8211; 2,8 g por refei\u00e7\u00e3o); priorizar o consumo di\u00e1rio de 1 &#8211; 1,2 g\/kg para pessoas saud\u00e1veis, ou 1,2 &#8211; 1,5 g\/kg com doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas, complica\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas, hospitalizadas ou mal nutridas (4,5);<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Vitamina D<\/strong>: manter n\u00edveis de 40 a 60 ng\/mL, no caso de suplementa\u00e7\u00e3o h\u00e1 indica\u00e7\u00e3o de 800 &#8211; 1,000 UI\/dia (5);<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Minerais<\/strong>: consumir 300 mg\/dia de magn\u00e9sio para homens e 270 mg\/dia para mulheres; j\u00e1 c\u00e1lcio 1.000 &#8211; 1.200 mg\/dia; sel\u00eanio 25 &#8211; 75 \u03bcg\/dia (5); al\u00e9m de f\u00f3sforo, pot\u00e1ssio, zinco (4);<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nutrientes antioxidantes<\/strong>: \u00e9 adequado >500 mg de polifenois (5), consumindo fontes alimentares de carotenoides, licopeno zeaxantina, lute\u00edna; al\u00e9m de vitamina E (400 UI\/dia e vitamina C (45 to 90 mg\/dia);<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Creatina<\/strong>: \u00e9 preciso avaliar quest\u00f5es individuais, pois n\u00e3o h\u00e1 consenso de consumo e estudos longitudinais em popula\u00e7\u00e3o idosa. No entanto, \u00e9 uma possibilidade para indiv\u00edduos que praticam atividades como muscula\u00e7\u00e3o (~5g\/dia) (5);\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>HMB<\/strong>: \u00e9 um metab\u00f3lito da leucina, o seu consumo (3g\/dia) apresentou ind\u00edcios ben\u00e9ficos para indiv\u00edduos acima de 65 anos, principalmente acamados ou sem treinamento f\u00edsico; no entanto, ainda h\u00e1 inconsist\u00eancias sobre a recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o dessa suplementa\u00e7\u00e3o (5);\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Atividade f\u00edsica<\/strong>: Pr\u00e1tica de fortalecimento muscular e atividade aer\u00f3bia &#8211; 150 min. intensidade moderada, ou 75 min de intensidade vigorosa (4);\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Hidrata\u00e7\u00e3o adequada<\/strong>: h\u00e1 maior risco de desidrata\u00e7\u00e3o em idosos, mas n\u00e3o h\u00e1 recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas para sarcopenia. Seguir o consenso de consumo m\u00e9dio de 3 litros para mulheres e 4 litros para homens, sempre considerando condi\u00e7\u00f5es individuais que podem aumentar ou reduzir tal consumo (4).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>At\u00e9 mais!&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Refer\u00eancias&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>YUAN, S.; LARSSON, S. C. Epidemiology of sarcopenia: Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. <em>Metabolism<\/em>, vol. 144, 2023. Dispon\u00edvel:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36907247\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36907247\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li>LU, L.; TIAN, L. Postmenopausal osteoporosis coexisting with sarcopenia: the role and mechanisms of estrogen. <em>Journal of Endocrinology<\/em>, vol. 259, 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-23-0116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-23-0116\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li>ROBINSON, S. et al. The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia. <em>Am J Clin Nutr<\/em>., vol. 118, pg. 852-864, 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37657521\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37657521\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li>CALVANI, R. et al. Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia. <em>Metabolism<\/em>, vol. 146, 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37352971\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37352971\/<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\"><li>LIU, S.; ZHANG, L.; LI, S. Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management. <em>Front. Nutr. Clinical Nutrition<\/em>, vol. 10, 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1189522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1189522<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sarcopenia \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o caracterizada pela perda progressiva de massa e fun\u00e7\u00e3o muscular. O estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar impactam diretamente na regula\u00e7\u00e3o da s\u00edntese e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o muscular. Por isso, uma dieta nutricionalmente adequada \u00e9 essencial. Confira as estrat\u00e9gias!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[308,334,291,375,376],"class_list":["post-1779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atualidades","tag-artigo-cientifico","tag-cuidado-nutricional","tag-nutricao-clinica","tag-sarcopenia","tag-terceira-idade","with-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1779"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1788,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779\/revisions\/1788"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alliviciblog.azurewebsites.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}